Changes of Atmospheric Water Balance over China under the IPCC SRES A1B Scenario Based on RegCM3 Simulations          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Bo  JIANG Da-Bang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(6):461-467

Simulations of the Regional Climate Model Version 3 (RegCM3) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario were employed to investigate possible decadal changes and long-term trends of annual mean atmospheric water balance components over China in the 21st century with reference to the period of 1981-2000. An evaluation showed that RegCM3 can reasonably reproduce annual evapotranspiration, precipitation, and water vapor transport over China, with a better performance for March-June. It was found that the water vapor exchange between the land surface and atmosphere would be significantly intensified in Northwest China by the mid-to late-21st century and that the region would possibly shift to a wetter or drought-mitigated state under global warming. Conversely, the water vapor exchange evidently weakened over the Tibetan Plateau and South-west China by the mid-to late-21st century. In addition, there appears to be a drier state for Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley by the mid-to late-21st century, with slight mitigation by the end compared with the mid-21st century. The westerly and southwesterly water vapor transport over China generally presents an increasing trend, with increasing diver-gence over the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China, corresponding to a loss of atmospheric water vapor by water vapor transport.  相似文献   

Profile and Character of Atmospheric Structure Constant of Refractive Index Cn2          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Gang  WENG Ning-Quan  XIAO Li-Ming  WU Yi 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):270-272

Random fluctuations of turbulence bring random fluctuations of the refractive index, making the atmosphere a random fluctuation medium that destroys the coherence of light-waves. Research in atmospheric turbulence is actually the investigation of the atmospheric refractive index. The atmospheric structure constant of refractive index, Cn2, is an important parameter denoting atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, Cn2 is measured during the day and at night and in all four seasons using a high sensitivity micro-thermal meter QHTP-2. The vertical profile of Cn2 in Hefei (0–30 km) is investigated by the analysis of experimental data. The average profile of Cn2 in Hefei exhibits conspicuous day and night differences with increased altitude. The distribution of log(Cn2) is nearly normal and has conspicuous seasonal differences.  相似文献   

The Role of Aerosol in Climate Change, the Environment, and Human Health   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Ren-Jian  HO Kin-Fai  SHEN Zhen-Xing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):156-161

Aerosol is an important component of the atmosphere, and its source, composition, distribution, and effects are highly complicated. Governments and scientists have given much attention to aerosol problems, and it has become a hot topic due to the important role it plays in climate change and the Earth’s environment. In this paper, 1) the importance of aerosol in climate change, the atmospheric environment, and human health is summarized; 2) the recent serious problems of aerosol pollution and the shortage of current aerosol research in China are pointed out; and 3) the necessity to enhance aerosol research in China is emphasized.  相似文献   

Impact of Different Aerosols on the Evolution of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Dan  DUAN Min-Zheng  LV Da-Ren  WANG Pu-Cai  WANG Yong  ZHANG Xiao-Ling 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):82-87

The present work analyzes the effect of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Shangdianzi in Beijing.A one-dimensional ABL model and a radiative transfer scheme are incorporated to develop the structure of the ABL.The diurnal variation of the atmospheric radiative budget,atmospheric heating rate,sensible and latent heat fluxes,surface and the 2 m air temperatures as well as the ABL height,and its perturbations due to the aerosols with different single-scattering albedo (SSA) are studied by comparing the aerosol-laden atmosphere to the clean atmosphere.The results show that the absorbing aerosols cause less reduction in surface evaporation relative to that by scatting aerosols,and both surface temperature and 2 m temperature decrease from the clean atmosphere to the aerosol-laden atmosphere.The greater the aerosol absorption,the more stable the surface layer.After 12:00 am,the 2 m temperature increases for strong absorption aerosols.In the meantime,there is a slight decrease in the 2 m temperature for purely scattering aerosols due to radiative cooling.The purely scattering aerosols decrease the ABL temperature and enhance the capping inversion,further reducing the ABL height.  相似文献   

大气CO₂富集对根际NaCl盐渍的人参果植株干物质生产和水分利用的影响     

陈凯  胡国谦  KEUTGEN Norbert  KEUTGEN Ann  JANSSENS Mar  LENZ Fritz 《大气科学学报》2012,35(2):129-139

对单株砂培盆栽的半木质化枝条扦插生根的一月龄人生果(Solanum muricatum Ait.)栽培品种"Xotus",每周浇两次200mL NaCl质量浓度分别为0mg·L^-1和25mg·L^-1的Hoagland营养液处理2个月,第二个月在控制空气CO₂体积分数为(350±10)×10^-6、(700±10)×10^-6和(1050±10)×10^-6的植物生长箱内试验。结果表明,人参果植株干物质生产量和耗水量受根际NaCl盐渍而下降,又随大气CO₂升高而增加。根际NaCl盐渍能增大植株叶片蒸腾系数、根/冠比和干物质向枝干和根部分配的比例及积累量,降低根系吸收水分的效率和耗水量。升高大气CO₂能促进叶片发育及干物质向地上部其他器官和地下部组织分配,增加总叶面积、比叶干重和各种器官中干物质增长量,提高干物质生产率和水分利用率。根际经25mg·L^-1NaCl盐渍处理的植株,总干物质增长量和水分利用率相应下降50%～54%和24%～37%;与350×10^-6CO₂的处理的植株相比,700×10^-6及1050×10^-6CO₂的处理分别使这两项指标提高到79%～106%和61%～88%以及133%～189%和99%～142%。大气CO₂富集能改善受NaCl盐渍的植株干物质生产力、提高水分利用率。根际NaCl盐渍和大气CO₂富集对人参果植株干物质生产和水分利用有生物互作效应。它们的共同作用会促进植株干物质的增长及叶片中合成的干物质向其他器官分配,提高干物质生产率和水分利用率,同时减少总叶面积、枝条和根系干重、根系吸水效率、植株耗水量和叶片蒸腾系数。因此,全球大气CO₂富集将有利于该作物的干物质生产和水分利用。  相似文献   

Laser guide stars for extremely large telescopes: efficient Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor design using the weighted centre-of-gravity algorithm     

L. Schreiber  I. Foppiani  C. Robert  E. Diolaiti  J.-M. Conan  M. Lombini 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(3):1513-1521

Over the last few years increasing consideration has been given to the study of laser guide stars (LGS) for the measurement of the disturbance introduced by the atmosphere in optical and near-infrared (near-IR) astronomical observations from the ground. A possible method for the generation of a LGS is the excitation of the sodium layer in the upper atmosphere at approximately 90 km of altitude. Since the sodium layer is approximately 10 km thick, the artificial reference source looks elongated, especially when observed from the edge of a large aperture. The spot elongation strongly limits the performance of the most common wavefront sensors. The centroiding accuracy in a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor, for instance, decreases proportionally to the elongation (in a photon noise dominated regime). To compensate for this effect, a straightforward solution is to increase the laser power, i.e. to increase the number of detected photons per subaperture. The scope of the work presented in this paper is twofold: an analysis of the performance of the weighted centre of gravity algorithm for centroiding with elongated spots and the determination of the required number of photons to achieve a certain average wavefront error over the telescope aperture.  相似文献   

东亚季风气候对青藏高原隆升的敏感性研究   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

刘晓东  焦彦军 《大气科学》2000,24(5):593-607

青藏高原隆起是东亚季风形成演化的决定因子之一.利用GCM(大气环流模式)完成的一系列改变青藏高原地形高度的数值试验说明,东亚季风气候变化非常敏感地响应于高原隆升.在高原隆升达到现代高度的一半之前,东亚大约30°N以北地区近地面冬夏反向意义下的季风现象是不存在的.高原隆升对东亚冬季风的影响远大于对夏季风的影响.即使没有青藏高原,仅受海陆热力对比的作用,中国东部地区夏季已能出现偏南风;然而只有在青藏高原存在,且达到一定高度的情况下,东亚北方地区冬季才能盛行偏北风.从温湿状况看,大约长江以北的东亚北方季风强度随高原高度上升几乎呈线性增加,冬夏温度对比不断加大,降水也越来越向夏季集中.但长江以南的东亚南方季风和印度季风与此明显不同,前者对高原隆升具有非线性响应,而后者在高原隆升过程中变化不大.  相似文献   

大气CO₂浓度升高对繁茂膜海绵滤食海水细菌能力的影响     

张晓芳  徐辉  刘宏文  王明涛  王仁斌  李毅  赵德辉  李振强  石其寿  赵伟东  王伟  付晚涛 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):16-22

通过模拟大气CO_2浓度升高,研究其对海绵滤食细菌功能的影响。在模拟大气CO_2浓度升高生态系统中,探究了大气CO_2浓度387、500、750和1 000mmol/mol环境下繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidon perlevis)滤食灭菌海水中大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli AS 1.1017)和灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)的能力。结果表明:在24 h实验期间,模拟大气CO_2从目前约387mmol/mol升高至500mmol/mol,繁茂膜海绵滤食大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌效率提高了。当模拟大气CO_2 750mmol/mol时,繁茂膜海绵滤食海水中大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌功能都下降了,说明繁茂膜海绵已经受到大气较高浓度CO_2损害。模拟大气CO_2为1 000mmol/mol时,繁茂膜海绵基本丧失了滤食海水中大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌的功能。上述结果可为了解大气CO_2浓度对近岸海洋生态系统的影响提供科学依据。  相似文献   

热带太平洋海温异常对北极海冰的可能影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

罗蕊  祁莉  张文君  何金海 《海洋学报》2017,39(7):53-69

本文利用1950-2015年间Hadley环流中心海冰和海温资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了热带太平洋海温异常对北极海冰的可能影响,并从大气环流和净表面热通量两个角度探讨了可能的物理机制。结果表明,在ENSO事件发展年的夏、秋季节,EP型与CP型El Niño事件与北极海冰异常的联系无明显信号。而La Niña事件期间北极海冰出现显著异常,并且EP型与CP型La Niña之间存在明显差异。EP型La Niña发生时,北极地区巴伦支海、喀拉海关键区海冰异常减少,CP型La Niña事件则对应着东西伯利亚海、楚科奇海地区海冰异常增加。在EP型La Niña发展年的夏、秋季节,热带太平洋海温异常通过遥相关波列,使得巴伦支海、喀拉海海平面气压为负异常并与中纬度气压正异常共同构成类似AO正位相的结构,形成的风场异常有利于北大西洋暖水的输入,同时造成暖平流,偏高的水汽含量进一步加强了净表面热通量收入,使得巴伦支海、喀拉海海冰异常减少。而在CP型La Niña发展年的夏季,东西伯利亚海、楚科奇海关键区受其东侧气旋式环流的影响,以异常北风分量占主导,将海冰从极点附近由北向南输送到关键区,海冰异常增加,而净表面热通量的作用较小。  相似文献   

海面风应力偏离风向的观测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈胜  乔方利  郭景松  焦志勇 《海洋学报》2017,39(1):28-35

针对海气界面风应力方向与风向不一致的现象,2015年2月4日至3月12日在南海博贺观测平台开展了综合观测,利用涡动相关法计算了海气界面风应力,并在3类大气稳定度条件下分析了风应力矢量偏离风矢量的角度变化,进一步讨论了大气层结稳定时两者角度之差与风速的参数化关系。结果表明:在大气层结稳定条件下,风应力矢量偏向风矢量左侧,且偏离角度随逆波龄和风速增大而减小;当大气层结不稳定时,风应力矢量一般偏向风矢量右侧。海气界面风应力矢量受海表面风、波浪以及大气层结的共同调制。  相似文献